<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"><channel><title>免疫原性细胞死亡 on Superhyydl's Blog</title><link>https://blog.superhyydl.org/tags/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E5%8E%9F%E6%80%A7%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1/</link><description>Recent content in 免疫原性细胞死亡 on Superhyydl's Blog</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>zh-cn</language><lastBuildDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://blog.superhyydl.org/tags/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E5%8E%9F%E6%80%A7%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>精读 | ZDHHC16棕榈酰化GPX2：肝癌乐伐替尼耐药的新开关</title><link>https://blog.superhyydl.org/reading/zdhhc16-induced-gpx2-s-palmitoylation-promotes-lenvatinib/</link><pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><guid>https://blog.superhyydl.org/reading/zdhhc16-induced-gpx2-s-palmitoylation-promotes-lenvatinib/</guid><description>&lt;h2 id="一句话亮点"&gt;一句话亮点&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;这项研究发现，棕榈酰转移酶ZDHHC16通过催化GPX2蛋白C67位点的S-棕榈酰化，阻止其被E3泛素连接酶SYVN1降解，从而稳定GPX2蛋白水平，抑制乐伐替尼诱导的免疫原性细胞死亡（ICD）和抗肿瘤免疫，最终推动肝癌乐伐替尼耐药。靶向这一棕榈酰化修饰可恢复乐伐替尼的疗效。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 id="背景痛点"&gt;背景/痛点&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;乐伐替尼是晚期肝癌的一线靶向药，但耐药问题严重制约了其临床获益。虽然已知耐药机制涉及信号通路异常、代谢重编程、微环境改变等多个层面，但对蛋白质翻译后修饰如何调控耐药，尤其是S-棕榈酰化这种可逆脂质修饰在其中的角色，认知还很有限。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;另一方面，乐伐替尼除了直接抑制肿瘤细胞增殖外，还能诱导ICD——一种&amp;quot;有组织有预谋&amp;quot;的细胞死亡方式，释放DAMPs（如CRT、HMGB1、ATP），召集合抗原呈递细胞，激活T细胞抗肿瘤免疫。问题是：肿瘤细胞如何逃避乐伐替尼诱导的ICD？这个问题的答案，可能正是耐药的突破口。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;GPX2此前已被报道与肝癌乐伐替尼耐药相关，但调控其稳定性的上游机制尚不清楚。作者团队决定从棕榈酰转移酶家族入手，系统性筛选与乐伐替尼耐药相关的关键酰基转移酶。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 id="推理链分步拆解"&gt;推理链分步拆解&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h3 id="第一步大海捞针谁在调控乐伐替尼敏感性"&gt;第一步：大海捞针——谁在调控乐伐替尼敏感性？&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;作者首先在已建立的乐伐替尼耐药肝癌细胞株中，逐一敲低了23个棕榈酰转移酶家族成员，观察哪个基因的沉默能最大程度地降低乐伐替尼的IC50。结果ZDHHC16脱颖而出——敲低它带来的增效最显著。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;耐药株中ZDHHC16的蛋白水平明显高于亲本株；在临床肝癌组织样本中，乐伐替尼耐药组患者的肿瘤组织ZDHHC16表达也显著高于敏感组。TCGA数据库分析还显示，ZDHHC16高表达与更差的无病生存和总生存相关。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;这些结果将ZDHHC16推到了聚光灯下，但截至目前仍然是相关性证据——ZDHHC16高表达伴随耐药，还不能证明它有功能性贡献。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;@方法论点评：在23个同家族成员中进行功能性筛选，是典型的“先宽后窄”策略，避免先验假设带来的偏见。IC50作为初筛指标合理，但后续必须用遗传敲除和药物联合实验来确认因果关系。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt="Fig. 1：ZDHHC16-mediated S-palmitoylation is crucial for regulating HCC sensitivity to lenvatinib. (A) Heatmap showing the IC50 value of lenvatinib in different groups. Hep3B-R and Huh7-R cells were transfected with specific siRNAs of 23 palmitoyl acyltransferases and corresponding controls (si-NC) for 24 h, and treated with a series of doses of lenvatinib for 24 h. Cell viability was detected through CCK−8 assay, and the IC50 value of lenvatinib was calculated. (B, C) Western blot for the expression of ZDHHC16 in lenvatinib-resistant Hep3B and Huh7 cells (Hep3B-R and Huh7-R) and their parental cells. (D, E) IHC staining for detecting the expression of ZDHHC16 in lenvatinib-sensitive and -resistant tumor tissues derived from HCC patients (n = 6 per group). Scale bar, 50 μm. (F, G) Western blot for detecting the expression of ZDHHC16 in lenvatinib-sensitive and -resistant tumor tissues derived from HCC patients (n = 6 per group). (H-J) Western blot for the expression of ZDHHC16 in Hep3B and Huh7 cells that were transfected with three ZDHHC16 shRNAs (shZDHHC16#1, #2, #3) and corresponding controls (shNC) for 48 h. (K-M) SYTOX Green for analyzing the dead cells in Hep3B and Huh7 cells that were transfected with shZDHHC16 or shNC for 48 h and treated with 10 μM lenvatinib or DMSO for 24 h. Scale bar, 20 μm. (N, O) The IC50 value of lenvatinib in lenvatinib-resistant HCC cells. Hep3B-R and Huh7-R cells were transfected with shZDHHC16 or shNC for 48 h, followed by treatment with a series of lenvatinib doses for 24 h. After measuring cell viability using CCK−8 assay, the IC50 value of lenvatinib was calculated. , P &amp;lt; 0.05; , P &amp;lt; 0.01; , P &amp;lt; 0.001; , P &amp;lt; 0.0001; ns, P &amp;gt; 0.05 from Student’s t test or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test." loading="lazy" src="https://blog.superhyydl.org/images/reading/zdhhc16-induced-gpx2-s-palmitoylation-promotes-lenvatinib/figure-01.png"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>